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Xinjiang energy-based desert management project

Jishan HE

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 587-591 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0075-7

关键词： desert governance comprehensive utilization of new energy modern agriculture the Belt and Road Initiative green development

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Advanced purification and comprehensive utilization of yellow phosphorous off gas

Ping NING,Xiangyu WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 181-189 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0698-1

摘要： Yellow phosphorous is an important raw material in the chemical industry. However, during the production of yellow phosphorous, high concentrations of carbon monoxide and other impurities are released. Without appropriate purification and removal, this off gas has potential to cause severe pollution problems once released. Purified yellow phosphorous off gas can be beneficially reused as a raw material in chemical production for synthesis of high value-added chemical reagents. In this paper, the significance of purification and reutilization of yellow phosphorous off gas are explored. The principles, processes, and main characteristics of the technologies for purification and reuse of yellow phosphorus off gas (including technical measurements of impurity reduction, relevant engineering cases, and public acceptance of the technologies) are summarized. In view of the existing problems and scientific development requirements, this paper proposes several recommendations for green production based on the concept of recycle economics. We conclude that advanced purification and comprehensive reutilization can be an effective solution for heavy pollution resulting from yellow phosphorous off gassing.

关键词： yellow phosphorous off gas purification comprehensive utilization

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基于海洋能的海水资源综合利用研究

李伟,杨易嘉,顾亚京,刘宏伟,林勇刚,张南强

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 33-38 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.006

摘要：

本文将海洋能发电技术、海水淡化技术与浓盐海水电解制氢技术相结合，提出了一种综合利用海洋能源和海水资源的新模式。海洋能发电设备能为海岛和海上设施提供电能，在通过海水制淡有效解决海岛或海上设施供水问题的同时也会产生副产品浓盐水——目前均作为废弃物回放大海，不仅成为一种污染源，也造成海水浓盐水中富含的氢、氯、钠等化工资源的浪费。因此本文进一步研究海洋能电解浓盐水制氢、制碱技术，在实现海能海用、海水资源化利用的同时，也为建设海洋补氢站提供了可能。

关键词：潮流能海洋化学能海水综合利用制氢制碱

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温差能与低温海水资源综合利用研究

付强,王国荣,周守为,钟林,张理,余兴勇,杨浦

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 52-60 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.007

摘要：

我国海洋温差能资源量巨大，主要分布在广东省和南海海域，是区域能源结构优化以实现碳达峰、碳中和的有效支撑，也是未来我国南海、 21 世纪海上丝绸之路沿线诸多岛屿能源补给保障的重要途径；目前海洋温差能发电（ OTEC）技术和装备尚处于实验阶段，兆瓦级试验电站建设成本巨大，整体技术成熟度不及商业级利用规模，亟待发展突破。本文总结了国内外 OTEC 及综合利用的发展模式、技术装备所面临的挑战，针对南海温差能资源开发困境、广东省液化天然气（ LNG）冷能资源浪费等情况，提出了以 LNG 气化的低温海水替代深层海水进行温差能发电的新途径。建议以珠海 LNG 气化站为例，探索 LNG 冷能回收 – 温差能发电、低温冷海水综合利用示范基地的发展模式；通过初步概算示范基地的投资与收益，完成了相应模式的经济与技术可行性论证。相关发展模式建议、应用案例论证过程，可为我国温差能与低温海水资源综合利用提供技术借鉴和应用参考。

关键词：海洋温差能低温海水资源 LNG冷能综合利用温差能发电

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泰州大桥施工营地太阳能利用综合效益分析

丁志群,徐俊,李明

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 100-103

摘要：

以泰州大桥北塔，北锚施工营地为对象，从粉尘、SO₂排放以及能源消耗等方面，分析了太阳能利用对比于普通燃煤锅炉对环境的影响，发现太阳能利用能明显地改善营地的环境。

关键词：泰州大桥施工营地太阳能综合效益(环境效益、经济效益)

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CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431

摘要：

China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.

To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.

Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.

Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).

With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).

We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.

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金川镍矿床深部资源高效开发与综合利用的关键技术研究

杨志强

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第4期页码 559-566 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.021

摘要：

为了掌握金川镍矿床的深部资源特征和地质状况，对困难的开采条件进行了系统分析，包括高应力、碎裂矿岩体、普遍的围岩变形、困难的巷道支护、复杂的岩体力学特征以及低采矿回收率等。为深部、大型和复杂镍钴矿山的安全、高效和连续开采建立了一个集成技术包，其由蜂窝式进路大面积连续采矿方法的发明、地压控制理论以及高应力和碎裂矿岩体技术模块的建立、新型充填胶凝材料的开发、粗骨料高浓度料浆管道输送的深井充填技术等组成。由此，所存在的难题得到了较好的解决，从而确保了金川镍矿床深部资源的高效开采和综合利用。同时，为高应力、碎裂和流变岩体的地下矿山使用下向胶结充填采矿方法展示了一个技术范例。

关键词：深部开采高效开发综合利用 Key technology

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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Policy Effectiveness for Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

Xing Wei,Han-ding Guo

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 341-347 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014060

摘要： The healthy and stable development of energy efficiencies in existing buildings cannot be separated from effective policy operation, and evaluating policy effectiveness contributes to scientifically-sound government decision-making. This paper creates an evaluation index system and a grey comprehensive evaluation model for policy effectiveness for energy efficiency in existing buildings using three dimensions: 1) the effect of the policy itself; 2) the administrative effect of the policy; and 3) policy implementation effects. It chooses the government’s subsidy policy and preferential tax policy at market cultivation stage for its empirical comparative evaluation. The evaluation indicates that the former is more effective. Finally, it puts forward policy development suggestions from the perspective of: 1) clarifying incentive object; 2) broadening incentive scope; 3) increasing incentive intensity; and 4) innovating incentive mode.

关键词： grey comprehensive evaluation existing buildings energy efficiency policies effectiveness

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三峡水库综合利用调度关键技术研究与实践

刘丹雅,纪国强,安有贵

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 66-69

摘要：

为全面提升三峡工程的综合利用效益，三峡水库蓄水以来对规划设计的水库调度方式进行了优化研究与实践。文章对其关键技术进行分析总结，主要有协调防洪、发电、航运、供水和生态等多目标需求的技术、调度风险控制技术、调度决策优化技术、编制调度规程以规范调度工作等。通过分析以寻求不断完善三峡水库综合利用调度方式的路径，力求实现三峡工程效益最优，成为环境友好且对社会公益性贡献突出的跨世纪宏伟工程。

关键词：三峡水库综合利用优化调度决策风险控制

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Special issue on electrochemical conversion and utilization of hydrogen energy

《能源前沿（英文）》 2024年第18卷第3期页码 263-264 doi: 10.1007/s11708-024-0944-6

摘要： Special issue on electrochemical conversion and utilization of hydrogen energy

关键词： hydrogen energy

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Analysis and prediction of the influence of energy utilization on air quality in Beijing

LI Lin, HAO Jiming, HU Jingnan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 339-344 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0058-5

摘要： This work evaluates the influence of energy consumption on the future air quality in Beijing, using 2000 as the base year and 2008 as the target year. It establishes the emission inventory of primary PM, SO and NO related to energy utilization in eight areas of Beijing. The air quality model was adopted to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of each pollutant concentration in the eight urban areas. Their emission, concentration distribution, and sectoral share responsibility rate were analyzed, and air quality in 2008 was predicted. The industrial sector contributed above 40% of primary PM and SO resulting from energy consumption, while vehicles accounted for about 65% of NO. According to the current policy and development trend, air quality in the eight urban areas could become better in 2008 when the average concentrations of primary PM, SO and NO related to energy utilization at each monitored site are predicted to be about 25, 50 and 51 μg/m, respectively.

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三峡工程规划与综合利用

仲志余,胡维忠,丁毅

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 38-42

摘要：

三峡水利枢纽工程是治理开发长江的关键性工程，承担着防洪、发电、航运等综合利用任务。工程建成后可确保荆江地区防洪标准不低于百年一遇，大大缓解长江中下游防洪压力，为经济建设发展迅速的华中、华东、华南地区提供巨大的能源支持，从根本上改善川江航运条件，同时枯季补偿调节可提高长江中游河段航道水深和改善航运条件。新时期，长江治理、开发与保护对三峡工程运行提出了新要求，如何优化水资源利用，实施科学调度，全面提升水库综合效益，是三峡工程今后面临的一项长期任务。

关键词：三峡工程规划综合利用

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镍资源找矿突破与综合开发利用

徐刚,段俊,汤中立,杨怀玉,孙涛,闫海卿,吴建涛

《中国工程科学》 2024年第26卷第3期页码 86-97 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.03.008

摘要：

镍资源是国民经济发展的重要战略资源，也是重要的关键矿产；我国是全球最大的镍金属消费国，也是镍金属原料稀缺国，镍矿产原料对外依存度居高不下，亟需实现镍资源找矿突破、推动镍资源综合开发利用、拓宽镍资源进口渠道，保障镍资源安全稳定供给。本文在综合分析镍产业最新数据的基础上，梳理了全球和我国镍资源禀赋、供需现状，总结了国内外镍矿床成因类型、时空分布规律和找矿前景，分析了我国镍资源产业发展和供应保障面临的问题，提出了镍矿勘查开发的关键技术及综合利用途径。为保障稳定供应和安全发展，从国际和国内两方面提出了我国镍资源保障路径及对策。在国际方面，稳定以印度尼西亚、菲律宾为代表的重要镍资源进口市场，加大投资镍资源海外矿业项目，增强中资企业的国际竞争能力；加强国际合作，实现镍资源进口渠道的多元化。在国内方面，加大镍资源勘查力度；加强镍资源综合利用，提高再生镍资源利用率；优化传统技术工艺，调整产业结构；强化镍资源储备基地建设，保障有效增储；重视海底铁锰结核等潜在镍矿资源的开采技术研究。

关键词：战略性关键矿产；镍资源；找矿突破；综合开发利用

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低碳能源系统中能源利用技术现状及展望

张川,胡沛裕 ,殷格格,严武斌,许石炜,曹洳铭,冯轶楠,赵铭生,杨雷,金之钧

《中国工程科学》 2024年第26卷第4期页码 164-175 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.04.008

摘要：

能源系统脱碳是实现碳中和的关键，开展能源系统低碳转型需要在一次能源供应、能源加工与转化、能源终端消费等方面大规模地运用低碳能源技术。本文从低碳能源系统优化分析的角度出发，按照一次能源、二次能源、终端用能的分类，梳理了各类能源利用技术的发展现状并展望了未来趋势，进一步分析了能源利用技术在我国低碳能源系统中的应用前景与布局挑战。研究认为：太阳能发电、风力发电作为增长最快的可再生能源类型，将在能源供给环节持续发挥重要作用；生物质利用需要系统评估各类转换技术，促成生物质资源的跨行业优化分配；氢能、储能等二次能源亟需突破材料、性能、寿命等方面的技术瓶颈，追求低的系统成本与规模化应用；终端用能技术未来将以电气化为核心，依赖输配电系统的安全稳定转型与有效扩容。未来的能源系统低碳转型还需关注不同能源技术的协调发展，妥善处理技术因素与市场、制度、社会等非技术因素的协同关系，推动能源系统加速脱碳。

关键词：能源系统；低碳转型；一次能源；二次能源；终端用能；电气化；非技术因素

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我国风电高效利用技术趋势及发展建议

石文辉,白宏,屈姬贤,王伟胜,黄其励

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第3期页码 51-57 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.03.008

摘要：

我国风电发展取得了举世瞩目的成绩，风电装机规模和发电量仅次于煤电和水电，正在实现从补充电源向替代电源的转变，未来有望在能源发展中占主导地位。为实现未来我国高比例新能源发展目标，促进风电可持续发展，本文围绕实现我国风电高效利用，阐述了我国目前风电利用现状及存在的问题，从大规模风电集群控制与优化调度、风电综合利用、多能互补利用、分布式接入与控制等几个技术方向，提出了未来我国风电高效利用的技术趋势，从风电与大能源电力系统发展、市场机制建立、行业管理和技术标准制定等方面提出促进风电高效利用的相关建议。

关键词：风电高效利用优化调度与控制多能互补系统风电综合利用分布式接入与控制